Typically a small room, sauna is designed to be a place to experience dry or wet heat sessions. Sauna bathing is a well-loved ritual throughout the world, and its many variances have evolved over time and in different cultures… and we have Finland, the sauna country, to thank.
Sauna culture in Finland
Did you know that Finland has 5.3 million people and 3.3 million saunas? That’s almost one for every two people. In Finland, sauna is a part of the daily life, and they’ve been used in the Finnish culture for several thousand years. Sauna is seen as not only a bathhouse or winter dwelling in Finland, but also as a place for birth, death, and taking care of the sick — some call it a “poorman’s pharmacy”. It is said that if you don’t experience sauna, then you don’t experience Finland.
The oldest type of Finnish sauna are smoke saunas (no chimneys), which take about five to six hours to heat up. These types of saunas use a stove, where the smoke escapes through a hole in the ceiling. Smoke saunas produce a soot that covers the wood walls and leave a smokey aroma. Nowadays, the most common ones are electric and wooden saunas, which typically use a stove known as a ‘kiuas’ to heat the space. Löyly is the heat and steam that surrounds you in the sauna as water is poured on the hot rocks.
In Finland, it’s typical to warm up in the sauna and then jump in the sea/lake or roll around in snow in the winter to cool off… or even enjoy a chilled beer afterwards. The Finns also like to include a practice called ‘vasta’—or ‘vihta’—where a bundle of birch branches are whipped on the skin. It’s said to increase circulation and soothe sore muscles.
Sauna culture in Turkey /the Middle East
Called a Hammam, this type of treatment is considered a form of public bathing, cleansing, and relaxation. Traditionally, you begin in a room to warm the body. Then, a second room to wash a cleanse the body. Thirdly is a room for cooling down the body since it is set at a lower temperature. After completing the bathing procedure, one can then go to a masseur.
Sauna culture in Mexico/Central America
Held in a stone, igloo-like structure, Temazcal, is a traditional Mexican sweat lodge. This type of steam bath is designed to clear your mind and body of negativities and impurities. While the body benefits from detoxification through sweating, the spirit is also renewed through a ritual and spiritual practice. Traditionally, hot river rocks are on a wood fire then brought inside the lodge. Today, more modern structures are heated with gas. Inside the Temazcal, people are encouraged to participate in a ceremony, rub their bodies with aloe, or hit themselves with herbs. As a post-ritual cool-down, you might be invited to take a dip in the ocean or a pool, or take a cold shower.
Sauna culture in Laos
An herbal steam sauna—‘hom yaa’— is very popular in Laos, especially with women. Various mixtures, such as yogurt and ground coffee, are applied on the skin as a beauty treatment. The sauna is heated by wood fire, and herbs can be added directly to the boiling water or as part of the steam. A steam can be infused with fresh herbs and spices, such as lemongrass, basil, mint, rosemary and eucalyptus. It’s typical that Bael fruit tea—muktam—is served.
Sauna culture in Russia
A Banya is a Russian steam bath with a wood stove, where sauna rocks are used to warm the space. In Russia, public saunas are strictly single-sex. Similar to Finland, Russians use bath brooms—‘venik’—made from a collection of soft tree branches to gently beat and clean the body. The Banya is a special place where people come together to have more conversations about life and share their ideas or beliefs with one another. It’s typical to take a break from the heat and relax by sipping on an aromatic or herbal tea before heading back in.
What are some benefits of regular sauna use?
+ Enhances mood and combats SAD (seasonal affective disorder)
+ Detoxification — drainage and elimination of toxins/waste products
+ Promotes a healthy immune system
+ Assists in fat loss and increases metabolism
+ Promotes heart health
+ Provides chronic joint and muscle pain relief and speeds injury recovery
+ Promotes relaxation, reduces stress, and improves sleep
References:
Barbezat, Suzanne. “Temazcal: Traditional Mexican Sweat Lodge". Retrieved from https://www.tripsavvy.com/temazcal-traditional-mexican-sweat-lodge-1588898
“Finish sauna culture”. Retrieved from https://taigatimes.com/blog/finnish-sauna-culture/.
“Löyly Sauna”. Retrieved from https://www.kinfolk.com/loyly-sauna/.
“Top Countries Using Saunas and Exploring the Cultural Traditions From All Over the World.” Retireved from http://steam-sauna.com/blog/top-countries-using-saunas-and-exploring-the-cultural-traditions-from-all-over-the-world.html.