Combat Wildfire Smoke Issues

With Canada in the midst of an incredibly bad wildfire season, US regions in the Northeast, Midwest (including Wisconsin), and parts of the South have reached hazardous levels and have been issued air quality advisories. Have you started to feel the effects of the smoke?

Wildfire smoke irritates our eyes, nose, throat, lungs, and overall health which can cause us to cough and wheeze and making it difficult to breathe.

Here are tips to help support you during this wildfire season:

+ check air quality reports regularly and keep exposure to a minimum

+ add more vitamin C: foods like amaranth, avocados, tomato and green-leafy vegetables are the most efficient sources of vitamin C

+ take immune boosting supplements: Reishi, echinacea, and astragalus are our top picks. *Note: always stop taking astragalus at the onset of cold or flu symptoms 

+ antioxidants: green tea, ginger, turmeric, strawberries, green tea, black tea, brussel sprouts, beans, onions, and apples

+ get acupuncture to help strengthen the Lungs

+ keep pathways of elimination open: go to the bathroom, sweat, circulate blood and lymph through movement/exercise, breathe, dry skin brushing

+ try a steam with any of these herbs: thyme, oregano, rosemary, mint, sage

+ stay indoors and minimize duration/intensity of outdoor activities. keep house windows and doors closed to keep indoor air clean and fresh

+ use an N95 particulate mask respirator when outside for an extended period of time, especially if you have cardio-pulmonary problems. We will have a few of these in the office starting on Friday, June 30th

+ avoid unnecessarily exerting yourself. Heavy breathing means you’re going to inhale more smoke

+ add purifiers to your home. HEPA filters or even ACs with filters and recirculating air can help cut down on particulate matter in the air indoors. Do NOT use an air conditioner if it does not have air filters (it will only suck in smoke and make breathing conditions worse)

+ stay hydrated

Annie Wegner LeFort: Culinary + Medicinal Herbs to Grow in the Garden

Guest Blogger: Annie Wegner LeFort, owner and founder of EatMoveMKE, teaches cooking and yoga classes in the Milwaukee area, organizes hikes and local dinners, and offers both private and group Health Coaching services. Learn more at eatmovemke.com.

To learn more about how to enjoy herbs, join Annie’s class “Using Culinary Herbs” on Friday, April 28 from 6-7:30pm. For more info, contact her at annie@eatmovemke.com.

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Spring is in the air. Daylight is longer, the snow is (hopefully) gone, shoots are popping out of the ground, and the temperatures are feeling more mild. This time of year I get excited about all things outdoors from farmers’ markets to wild foraging hikes to hanging laundry and gardening. Especially gardening!

Another sign of spring is chives beginning to poke through the soft soil of the garden. They are always the first to emerge in my culinary herb collection followed closely by sorrel, mint, and lemon balm. I grow at least a dozen culinary herbs in my garden adding oregano, various types of basil, parsley, chervil, sage, thyme, cilantro, dill, chamomile, lovage, borage, and lavender to the list over the years that I’ve maintained my urban homestead.

I use these herbs both fresh and to prepare seasonal cooked dishes and homemade preserves and also dry or freeze them for use in cooking year-round and to create custom tea blends. My cooking style is rooted in low-waste or no-waste, which moves me to use not only leaves and blossoms, but the stems and sometimes the roots as well.

Many of the herbs I grow are perennials, herbs that come back on their own each year. These herbs such as oregano, lemon balm, mint, and sage can be wildly abundant so it’s important to be mindful of where you plant them and stay diligent about culling them each season if you don’t want to them to take over your plot.

Herbs that I plant each season are different varieties of basil, chervil, and dill. A few starts purchased from the local farmers market or family-owned garden center usually give me plenty of flavor for a whole season.

Herbs like parsley—both flat-leaf (aka “Italian parsley”) and curly leaf—are biennials, which means that they will provide wonderful leaves the first year and go to seed in the second season.

I also have plentiful herbs like borage and chamomile that start as “volunteers”, plants that come up in the garden with no effort on my part. They germinate from seeds dropped by flowers in the previous years.

And lastly, the cilantro in my garden is planted in “successions”, which is the practice of seeding crops at certain intervals (ie 7 to 21 days) in order to maintain a consistent supply throughout the season. Cilantro doesn’t grow back after it’s cut like some perennials or even the annual basil, which, when harvested from the crotch of a stem encourages exponential regrowth. After cilantro matures, it goes to seed. Harvesting the entire plant (roots and all, if you wish), means that it requires replanting if you want more throughout the season.

To plant annual herbs—starts or seeds—I wait until after the last frost date, which could be end of April to early or mid-May. A frost date is the average date of the last light freeze in spring or the first light freeze in fall and is estimated based on historical climate data, but not set in stone. As a rule of thumb, I seek out starts from local garden centers or growers around Mother’s Day, which is a fun tradition with my daughter. Our hardiness zone in the Milwaukee area is 5b with a growing season around 180 days. It’s a brief six months that we can grow food outdoors with the heart of the season feeling like it starts in late June.

I harvest herbs daily in the summer to use fresh in salads, for cooking, baking, and to dry throughout the growing season. As some herbs will produce more the more that you pick—basil, mint, lemon balm and other herbs in the mint family (lamiaceae)—I harvest heavily and keep the drying process going for herbal tea mixtures and dried backups come winter. The simplest way to dry most herbs is airdrying; wash the herbs and pat dry, strip the leaves off the stems, spread them out on a baking sheet or screen and put them in a dry, sunny spot out of the way of pets. Then, check them every day and toss them for even drying. This low-energy process may take a few days or most of a week. One can also dry herbs more quickly in a dehydrator; that is my go-to method for the end-of-season harvest.

Herbs can also be frozen. Finely chop or puree them, fill ice cube trays or muffin pans with the herbs then top with water. Once the cubes are frozen solid they can be transferred to freezer bags, labeled, and dated. Frozen herbs are great added to soups, casseroles, egg dishes, baked goods, dressings, and dips.

Another favorite way to use herbs in is a variety of pestos. A classis Pesto Genovese contains basil, garlic, Parmigiano-Reggiano, olive oil, and pinenuts. But there’s lots of space for creativity in making pesto beyond basil. My favorite combinations are Sage-Walnut, Arugula-Almond, Mint-Feta-Pinenut, Dandelion Green-Hazelnut, Nasturtium Leaf-and Sunflower Seed, and Carrot Top-Almond. I’ve also made pesto with the leaves of ramps (wild leeks), lemon zest, and sorrel. These pestos are easy to freeze in ice cube trays or muffin pans as well and thaw quickly to use in pasta dishes and spreads or to add to a soup, egg bake, or pizza.

Homegrown herbs make great gifts in the form of preserves—herbal jellies, herbed fruits, and custom tea mixtures. I dry and blend catnip, lemon balm, mint, and chamomile to create a my own bedtime tea mix.

Most of herbs I grow are for culinary purposes, but the medicinal herbs I enjoy cultivating each year are peppermint, comfrey, calendula, and tulsi (holy basil). I also grow elderberries and while they are not an herb, both the blossoms and the fruit can be dried and incorporated into tea mixtures.

Peppermint has cooling properties, can relieve bloating and indigestion, reduce nausea and vomiting, relax muscles, and relieve headaches and menstrual cramps. It is antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory and also aids sleep. Tulsi is a superfood with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties as well. It can prevent respiratory illnesses and reduce phlegm. It is also known to reduce stress, as it lowers the levels of cortisol, a stress hormone in the body. Tulsi can also reduce blood sugar and cholesterol levels in the body.

There are many possibilities for both culinary and medicinal herbs we can grow in Zone 5:

-Agrimony

-Angelica

-Anise hyssop

-Borage

-Calendula

-Catnip

-Caraway

-Chervil

-Chives

-Cilantro/Coriander

-Clary sage

-Comfrey

-Dill

-Echinacea

-Chamomile (depending on variety)

-Lavender (depending on variety)

-Feverfew

-Sorrel

-French Tarragon

-Garlic chives

-Horseradish

-Lemon Balm

-Lovage

-Marjoram

-Mint hybrids (chocolate mint, apple mint, orange mint, etc.)

-Parsley (depending on variety)

-Peppermint

-Rue

-Salad burnet

-Spearmint

-Sweet Cicely

-Oregano (depending on variety)

-Thyme (depending on variety)

-Savory (winter)

Traditional Chinese Medicine Cold and Flu Remedies

These cold winter months bring about all kinds of illnesses like the cold and flu. Our immune systems are challenged more than in the warmer months, and our body’s defenses are lowered. There are many remedies supported by Chinese medicine that offer relief and immune support to boost our body’s virus fighting abilities to maintain wellness. Depending on your illness, there are different foods, essential oils, herbs, spices, and tools to alleviate symptoms and aid healing.

Treating Colds

Traditional Chinese Medicine’s (TCM) approach to healing from a cold is to bolster the body’s first lines of defense- the skin, nose, mouth, and throat, and encourage sweating to expel the virus from the body. It’s also important to decide whether your symptoms are more “heat wind”- sore throat, fever, thirst, nasal congestion yellow phlegm, or coughing up yellow mucus, or “damp wind”- sneezing, runny nose with clear or white phlegm, itchy throat, coughing up clear or white mucus, and body aches. This determination will help you decide which remedy is best for healing your particular cold. Each type of cold is best treated with warm liquids and broth based soups, and foods that are easy to digest like rice. For “heat wind” colds, drink peppermint tea, and cooling fruits like oranges and other citrus fruits. In both cases, avoid dairy, sugar and fried foods. For a “damp wind” cold, add warming ingredients like cinnamon, ginger, green onion, and garlic to your soup.

Miso Soup with Scallion and Ginger

Fermented black beans and scallions are a TCM remedy for early cold treatment. These ingredients work together to warm the body. Miso soup is rich in essential vitamins, minerals, and probiotics, and combined with warming ingredients like scallion and ginger, it is ideal for boosting the immune system and pushing the cold out of the body. Drinking something warm and then bundling up for a rest heats your body inside and out, emboldens your body to be strong against external environmental factors, causes a light sweat, opens your pores, and fortifies your body’s defenses.

Ingredients:

• 1 tbsp miso paste

• 1-1.5 cups water

• 1 tbsp sliced scallion

• 2 tsp peeled and slivered garlic

Instructions:

• Bring the water to a boil, pour into a bowl with the miso paste. Stir until dissolved

• Add ginger and scallions

• Drink miso soup while it is still steaming

• Bundle up in warm comfortable clothing and get into bed, covering yourself with a warm blanket. You want to be warm enough to break a light sweat. Do not let your body catch a chill

• It is best to nap or go to bed for the night after drinking this soup, letting your warm body rest

Damp Wind Remedies

Sweat these symptoms out with a sauna or hot bath. Incorporate foods like ginger, garlic, mustard seed and greens, grapefruit peel, cilantro, parsnips, scallions, cinnamon, basil, soup, rice porridge, and eating less to avoid overwhelming the system with digestion

Other suggestions:

• Lightly boil garlic, ginger, green onion, basil, mustard, or cinnamon in water for 5 minutes. Drink the tea warm, go to bed and bundle up, allow sweating

• Brew cilantro and ginger together into a tea

• Brew scallion and basil together into a tea

• Make a tea from dried grapefruit peel

• Make a tea from parsnips and ginger

• Avoid shellfish, heavy proteins and fats, meat, and all vinegars because vinegar closes the pores and negates the benefits of sweating

Heat Wind Remedies

Incorporate mint, cabbage, chrysanthemum, burdock, dandelion, pears, apples, bitter melons, citrus, drink plenty of water, and get plenty of rest

Other suggestions:.

• Drink cabbage broth

• Brew cilantro and mint together and drink

• Drink mint, chrysanthemum, and dandelion teas

• Drink mint, dandelion, and licorice teas

• Drink burdock tea

• Use White Flower Analgesic Balm to ease nasal congestion

• Avoid shellfish, meat, vinegars, drafts, and hot foods

Tea Tree Oil and Salt Water Throat Rinse

A sore throat is a clear sign of an impending cold, and is usually caused by a post nasal drip. When the immune system is challenged, it produces mucus to capture and kill foreign pathogens. This extra mucus can irritate the throat membrane and cause a sore throat and infection. A simple gargle with salt water and tea tree oil is soothing and neutralizes invading pathogens and microbes, lessening the chance of infection.

Ingredients:

• 1 cup warm water

• 1 tsp sea salt

• 2-3 drops tea tree oil

Instructions:

• Dissolve a teaspoon of salt into very warm water, then add tea tree drops

• Tilt head back and gargle 5-10 times, letting the mixture penetrate into the sore spots on the throat

• Repeat 1-2 times a day until sore throat is relieved

• Keep your neck covered in a scarf to protect against the cold

Nasal Congestion Relief

Symptoms of the common cold like sneezing, coughing, and a runny nose are not caused by the virus, but by our body’s immune defenses increasing to expel the virus from the body. Within the nasal passage, there is a mucus membrane and tiny hairs that are intended to catch foreign particles and entities from entering the body. When the body is overloaded from pollution, chemicals, fragrances, pollen, or viruses, the body’s response is to generate more mucus, forcing us to blow our noses and expel the virus. An alternative to blowing your nose is a neti pot, which introduces a warm saline solution to the nasal passage, forcing mucus out while soothing and neutralizing any irritants.

Neti Pot Instructions:

• Prepare a saline solution with 1 cup of lukewarm water and ¼ teaspoon sea salt, and fill the neti pot- water too hot can burn, and too cool is not soothing. Ensure the correct proportions of salt to water to avoid burns and aggravation from the salt

• Lean over your sink and tilt your head to the side, with your forehead lower than your chin

• Insert the spout of your neti pot into your nostril, creating a seal

• Be very careful not to inhale

• Gently pour in and across your nasal cavity and out the other nostril- gravity allows the water to flow correctly. Be sure to breathe through your mouth and relax

• If it drains out your mouth, lower your forehead in relation to your chin

• Remove the spout from your nostril and gently blow your nose without closing off one nostril- blowing out one nostril with the other plugged can harm your eardrums

• Repeat on the other nostril

• Thoroughly clean your neti pot with soap and hot water

White Flower Analgesic Balm

Developed in 1927 by Gan Geog Eng of Singapore, White Flower Analgesic Balm, also known as Pak Fah Yeow and Bai Hua You, was originally intended for private use, but became popular through the demand of friends and family who liked it so much. The trademark was registered in 1935 and sold in Singapore and Penang, and in 1951, he entered the Hong Kong market. From there, it became a leading product in the Far East. It is made from camphor, menthol, Methyl Salicylate, as well as eucalyptus, lavender, and peppermint oil. It is used for minor aches and pains, sore muscles, sore joints, inflammation, hot areas, and to relieve nasal congestion and headaches.

Apply a few drops of the oil to the affected area and gently rub in. Use 2-3 times a day, and wash hands after each application. For nasal congestion, inhale the White Flower while holding the bottle a few inches from the nose, or apply 1 drop under the nose with a cotton swab. To treat headaches, apply with a clean cotton cloth to the temples, forehead, neck, top of head, or any other painful spot, while carefully avoiding the eyes, mucus membranes, sensitive tissue, or broken skin. Avoid applying to open wounds or damaged skin.

Colds and the flu can take their toll on the body, but recognizing your symptoms and treating accordingly will help pass the virus through faster. Make sure to eat warm foods that are easy to digest, keep your body warm, allow yourself to sweat, keep your nose, mouth, neck, and chest covered from cold winds, try a neti pot to expel mucus from the body, or white flower oil for symptom relief. Stay hydrated with peppermint tea to cool the body, or add ginger to warm the body. Treat based on your symptoms to best support your body’s natural immune responses,

Resources

“Benefits of White Flower Oil”. Retrieved from https://lkacupuncture.com/benefits-of-white-flower-oil/.

“Central Family Practice-White Flower Oil”. Retrieved from https://central-family-practice.myshopify.com/products/white-flower-oil#:~:text=White%20Flower%20Analgesic%20oil%20or,sensitive%20tissue%20or%20broken%20skin.

“Fight your cold and flu with traditional Chinese medicine”. Retrieved from https://www.allinahealth.org/healthysetgo/care/fight-the-cold-and-flu-with-chinese-medicine#:~:text=Eat%20plenty%20of%20broth%2Dbased,oranges%20and%20other%20citrus%20fruits.

“How Neti pots can clear your sinus problems”. Retrieved from https://www.orientalwisdom.com.au/2018/09/02/how-neti-pots-can-clear-your-sinus-problems/.

“TCM tea recipes to treat the common cold”. Retrieved from https://www.acupunctureinmichigan.com/tcm-tea-recipes-to-treat-the-common-cold.

“White Flower Oil”. Retrieved from https://www.modernherbshop.com/White_Flower_Oil_for_Simple_Headache_Congestion_p/whitefloweroil.htm.